The ‘facts on the ground' do not always have a direct bearing on the policies that emerge in response to what is really happening. This is no more true than in today's Iraq - and in the policy responses that are the fallout for the Middle East of what is taking place in Iraq. Policy - in the form of the arguments emerging from Washington as well as from among some of those states to which it remains allied in the region - is not driven by the reality of a ‘Sunni-Shia' split in Iraq; instead, writes Joshua Craze, the policy of seeking the existence of a Sunni-Shia split is now creating the circumstances in which such a split might become a reality. The US Vice President Dick Cheney's assertion that a ‘cold war' between Sunni and Shia is in the offing, was not based on the view that there is a cold war - but on the need to create the impression that such a war exists. And to what end is all this taking place? Contending with Iran is clearly at its heart - with the focus being on holding Iran responsible for the situation in Iraq - despite the violence in Baghdad being committed by Sunni insurgents, and there being no definitive evidence that this ‘cold war' - or a ‘hot' equivalent - is really taking place.
Read More
The masked festivities of Venice and Vienna have increasingly become commodified as tourist attractions. Amidst European celebrations, masks have lost their social function
Read More
Later this month George Bush, stumbling into the last year of his presidency, with his allies deserting him in droves, will make a grand tour of the Middle East. Along the way, he will make his first visit to a country that has remained steadfastly loyal to the American government, muted criticisms of American actions in Iraq and Israeli actions in Lebanon aside: Saudi Arabia.
Read More
When the European Council meet on December 13 in Brussels, Africa and immigration issues will undoubtedly be high on the agenda
Read More
Another month, another series of proposals on how to bring democracy to Saudi Arabia. Recent efforts include the Centre for Contemporary Conflict, which recommends developing private enterprise, and the Washington Quarterly, which argues for engaging with the autocrats. Many such proposals import a model of the state based on the Western experience, and lack an appreciation of just how different other states can be.
Read More
On October 27 2005, riots shook the French faith in their model of social integration after the death of two youths in the banlieues. Does the new museum of indigenous arts at Quai Branly reflect a new approach to their post-colonial present?
Read More
On October 13, the photography exhibition ‘In the Face of History’ opened in London
Read More
This year sees two notable anniversaries. It is the fifth anniversary of the 9/11 attack, and the newspapers are full of commentators(1) trying to work out the relationship between Wahhabism, Al Qaeda and the House of Saud. Meanwhile, in July of this year, a conference(2) of Arab writers gathered in Yemen’s capital Sana’a to mark a little noticed event – the 600th anniversary of Ibn Khaldun’s (1332-1406) death.
Read More
8000km from home, the Congolese community in Paris remain as concerned as ever by the politics in their country – and unconvinced the elections that took place on the 30 July will change anything
Read More
In a War Veterans Retirement Home in Warsaw, from among the relics of the past, people are building a present free of a future
Read More
Back in the 70’s, these problems led to many European countries investing in nuclear energy.Fast forward thirty years, and the playing field is very different. While some continue to argue that nuclear energy is the clean, efficient fuel that is the answer to all our problems, for most Europeans today, it is something we should leave in the past.
Read More
The international media is dominated by America. In Europe, some are calling for mergers to create an alternative. But in doing so, might we not undermine our own plurality?
Read More
Europe is opening up its labour markets. But unless the EU creates a framework which guarantees respect for workers rights, such measures could be exploited to the detriment of the people of Europe
Read More
On March 28, France will prepare itself for another round of strikes and protests against new work legislation. These protests reveal a much wider malaise in French society
Read More
The recent Saudi-China oil agreement sent shock waves through an America already reconsidering its relationship to the Kingdom.
Read More
Some brief remarks on the Oxford graduation ceremony.
Read More
Iraqis may have been liberated from Saddam Hussein, but they are not yet free of the punishing debt he left behind.
Read More